...I don't understand this at all. 😖
...How does being assigned male at birth give somebody an unfair advantage in sports? 🤨
...And if it really does...then why should they be allowed to take up figure skating? 🤔
...I'm so confused lol. 😅
In practically all sports that measure some dimension to determine a winner, whether the measured dimension was time (over a certain distance, like in running, swimming, speed skating, cross country skiing, etc), distance (track & field jumping and throwing disciplines) or weight (weightlifting), there is a very constant performance gap of 10-12% between men and women. The primary and only proven cause of this performance gap is testosterone, because it leads to an increased muscle mass and also to a higher count of red blood cells for people with testosterone levels in the male range.
Studies have shown that removing testosterone during HRT for transfeminine athletes who were assigned male at birth also leads to a performance drop in the aforementioned 10-12%, usually within 4-6 months of starting HRT. That is why the International Olympic Committee allows trans women to compete in the female category as long as their testosterone levels are below 10nmol/L, which some governing bodies for specific sports have further lowered to 5nmol/L (144ng/dL in US units). The average female T-levels are between .5 and 2.5 nmol/L (or 15-70ng/dL).
Some folks argue that other testosterone caused changes during puberty, such as increased body height or larger ribcage give trans women an advantage over cis women and these changes cannot be undone by HRT. As far as I know there is no study that actually proves such an advantage. I have also heard equally scientifically unsubstantiated arguments that trans women have a heavier skeleton than cis women, which was built to be operated by a male musculature, but after HRT reduced the muscle mass to female levels, operating a heavier skeleton is actually a disadvantage. Again, none of this has been scientifically proven and my personal feeling is that the mentioned advantages and disadvantages cancel each other out.
When it comes to trans kids who take puberty blockers and never had higher testosterone levels, there is absolutely no advantage a trans female youth athlete would have over their cis peers at all. That is why the current anti trans legislations in school sports in several states are particularly cruel.
Now, when it comes to judged sports, such as figure skating, gymnastics, half pipe, diving, etc, I don't know if trans athletes have any advantage, although I have to note that at least in figure skating the more complex jumps have always been shown first by men and later by women. I am not sure if this is caused by male muscle mass or because men are more willing to take risk.