Records, probably not.
But our teachers tell us that on the first day, when they're calling role, if you have another name you go by, you can just say it instead of "here/present" and they'll write it beside the name they have. They'll let you go by short form of first name, your middle name, or even your last name. But nothing that's not part of your name -- unless they're cool, some dude in my art class goes by Fat Boy. Teacher calls him that, too.
(Despite this, I've decided to try and go by Christopher for 10th grade. >.>)
So you could just give your middle name if they do that; or if you don't want them to call out your first name, try going whenever your high school has orientation, and ask them if they can go ahead and write your preferred name on their role call sheets. Or on the first day, go in all your classes early and tell them what you'd like to go by.