Quote from: CatherineSarah on October 21, 2011, 09:27:30 PM
Yes
Yes &
No
My sincere apologies if I have offended anyone.
I'm not sure what you were responding to, but if the first "yes" was essentially indicating that males have XY chromosomes and females have XX, I'd disagree.
(talking sex, not gender)
I would agree most females have XX, and most males have XY. But it is not universal by any means (as many of the people here would know from personal experience).
There are people with pretty much every possible combination of chromosomes and sexual organs and hormone levels and secondary sex characteristics. Sure, in most people, these things all would be as expected based on chromosomes - but any theory that can't handle the corner cases is obviously false. And these corner cases are real (I know several non-transsexual people who are corner cases).
In addition, you can't elevate genetics above other biological traits. Sure, XX or XY usually indicates male or female. But so does what type of gonads you have. So does your secondary sex characteristics (body hair, for instance). So do your external sex organs. Do does the amount of different hormones in your body. All of these are just as biological as chromosomes (or even parts of chromosomes). And, I'd say, albeit definitely controversially, you can't ignore the brain's sex either. While science hasn't yet come around to realizing brain sex is significant (despite having tons of theories that are very stereotype-reinforcing about differences in brains between men and women - kind of ironic, actually), science does recognize that chromosome type is not a valid method of determining if someone is male or female (it's fine for determining things within a range of probability, just like whether someone has male or female external sex organs works most of the time).
There is fascinating reading on gender verification in sports (they really mean "sex verification", but sex is a dirty word to many...), including literally hundreds of journal articles about why the simplistic systems (looking for a Y chromosome, testing hormone levels, viewing external genitalia, etc) are not accurate. That is why you always see multi-disciplinary teams when sex verification is done in athletics - if it was as simple as what chromosomes a person had, there would be no need for the complicated process when it is done. For this reason, most international sports generally don't verify sex anymore - because of the gray areas, which are not uncomon among athletes - for instance, in Atlnata at the 1996 Olympics, 8 women "failed" the test for a Y chromosome - in other words, they had part (or, in this case, all) of a Y chromosome - they were XY. Further testing revealed that these people absolutely were women and were thus allowed to compete. (they weren't trans - 7 were intersexed with AIS, one had a her gonads removed and was 5-alpha-reductase deficient; for both the AIS and 5AR-deficient people, male androgen or hormones could not affect the body biologically and they were presumably were indistinguishable externally from any other females; while intersexed, these women were also females).