It does come, but with practice. I was surprised by how it was even possible to have a female voice. I practiced every day, in fact, I use my female voice so much now that it is more difficult to use my male voice.
Range and volume just come from using your voice. The muscles get trained and the brain remembers. As for time:
First 1-2 months was getting the tone
3-6 was learning to get to that vocal range
7-9 months was when volume and range became way more natural. It was about the 6 month mark when my voice took on the sing-song pattern and my pitch when speaking moved up and down with inflections.
It was also at the 6 month mark when I could use my female voice on Skype or Vent and not get clocked. I have a number of gaming friends and it has been the best thing in the world because I get to be the girl I want to be and they accept me as a girl because of my voice.
Hope that kind of answered your question.
BTW, my voice coach was Kathe Perez and she was worth every penny.
BBTW, I really like your picture