It is not possible to have it changed once you have separated from the service. Whatever information in on it is there for life. *IF* an employer asks to see it they will see your previous name.
There are millions of military veterans. The DOD isn't about to invest manpower in changing names on DD214s. There is no gender biased regulations on this either. Women can't do it when they get married after the service. It is an across the board middle finger to everyone equally. if there is a medal, ribbon, or award that was left off the DD214 then that can amended with a certain amount of time.
If someone find the miracle loophole in this please let me know.