In the case of (U.S.) school records that they won't change, if you really wanted the records updated you could make a federal court case out of it and argue that FERPA, which requires that records be accurate, would require them to acknowledge your new name (no guarantees that your old name would be taken off though unless your name was changed before you ever attended there, but at least if someone were to run a check of attendance under your new name it would pass). (This applies only to public institutions which fall under the scope of FERPA; if you graduated from a private school, especially a religious-based one where the institution could defend itself with the First Amendment's separation of church and state, you basically have little if any legal recourse.) Or, if it's high school records in question and you still live in said school district (you won't really have the clout if you don't), next time a school board seat is up or they're putting a bond levy or tax increase to the voters, you might campaign against the incumbent or bond/tax increase if there are enough voters sympathetic to you to make the candidate lose or the issue fail (of course that would out you to the public, but I once suggested that tactic for a school that wouldn't accommodate a TS student).