Hi Hunter,
have you thought that perhaps you're looking in the wrong place for answers? You feel bad about you your felt and reacted, but is getting to know transgender people a misdirection away from the real issue which is inside of you? If so, why would you do that?
I've experienced somewhat similar feelings on occasion, but reached a different conclusion. I may be wrong, but I've never felt the need to better understand people because I recognize the problem has nothing to do with them, its entirely me. I've felt disturbed though a lack of tolerance for example, but having thought about it I have become more tolerant in general - I recognize the feeling now, whatever the trigger, I know why I feel it, and if I can't help feeling it I can at least not act on it. I use intolerance as an example, but there's plenty of other possible reasons, such as an opposite, attraction.
You could perhaps think you've made progress with bettering yourself, without doing any such thing. You just got used to transgender people, but one day you'll be in a different situation and the same thing will happen again. The more you talk here the more you may be hiding the real issues from yourself.
I don't think you really said how you felt, except uncomfortable. There's so many ways and meanings to that. Did you explore it? You spent a lot of time describing everything else, but so little on that, and its so important. So again, are your focusing outward where you should be looking in?
I sense there's something missing from your story, but I can't work it out.