Quote from: KarmaGirl on December 01, 2016, 03:53:30 PMToo much "E" can also contribute to Heart Disease and other issues.
Consider that women before menopause have E levels as high as 650 pg/ml during a menstrual cycle, and as high as 75,000 pg/ml during pregnancy (where risk of DVT is about 0.1%) and yet...
Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Mar 1;69(4):777-80."
There is an abundance of scientific evidence for the protective effect of estrogen against atherosclerosis, such as short-term vasodilating effects as well as long-term vascular protective and anti-atherosclerotic effects [2]. Epidemiological evidence shows that pre-menopausal women have a reduced risk for mortality from cardiovascular diseases [3] and that women are at a lower risk for the development of heart failure [4] and have enhanced cognitive function and reduced neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease and stroke [5]. Further proof for the protective effect of female gender is the fact that post-menopausal women have a similar or even increased risk for cardiovascular disease compared to men [3] and have an increased risk for adverse outcome after myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndromes, despite similar treatment with thrombolysis and percutaneous interventions [6]."
"The cardioprotective effect of estrogen is further supported by the findings that ovariectomy caused a loss of cardioprotection, which was regained by chronic estrogen replacement therapy."
"
The vascular protective effects of estrogen and their mechanisms are thus fairly well-established."
Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar;125(3):605-10."In transgender women, estrogen therapy, with or without antiandrogen therapy, was associated with lower BP."
"All transgender women had estradiol levels at least in the physiologic female – range at 6 months,
with 3/16 (19%) having supraphysiologic levels > 1000pg/dl (including the one transgender woman using intramuscular estradiol valerate)."
Cancer. 2005 Feb 15;103(4):717-23."Patients with prostate carcinoma progressing after primary hormonal therapy received TDE"
TDE = transdermal estrogen
"The mean (+/-95% CI) serum estradiol level
increased from 17.2
pg.mL (range, 14.8-19.6 pg/mL) to 460.7 pg/mL
(range,
334.6-586.7 pg/mL)."
"No change in factor VIII activity, F 1.2, or
resistance to activated protein C was observed, whereas a modest
decrease in the protein S level was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In
patients with APIC, TDE was well tolerated and produced a modest
response rate, but
was not associated with thromboembolic
complications or clinically important changes in several coagulation
factors."
J Urol. 2005 Aug;174(2):527-33; discussion 532-3.Transdermal estradiol therapy for prostate cancer reduces
thrombophilic activation and protects against thromboembolism.
"Levels of VIIa and XIIa were unaffected by transdermal estradiol therapy. Although levels of TAT III were increased in some patients at 12 months, the increase was markedly less than that observed historically with equivalent doses of oral estrogens. Levels of the inhibitory and fibrinolytic factors including protein C, protein S, APC-R, TPA and PAI-1 remained stable. Reductions in F1+F2, fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels represented a normalization from increased levels to the physiological range."
"
These results suggest that transdermal estradiol reduces thrombophilic activation in men with advanced prostate cancer, and protects against the risk of thrombosis."
J Lipid Res. 2006 Feb;47(2):349-55."This prospective pilot study of 18 men with androgen-independent prostate cancer receiving ADT measured effects of TDE on lipid and inflammatory CVD risk factors before and after 8 weeks of TDE (...).
During treatment, estradiol levels rose 17-fold; total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels decreased. HDL2 cholesterol increased, with no changes in triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol levels. Dense LDL cholesterol decreased and LDL buoyancy increased in association with a decrease in HL activity. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels and other inflammatory markers did not worsen. Compared with ADT,
short-term TDE therapy of prostate cancer improves lipid levels without deterioration of CVD-associated inflammatory markers and may, on longer-term follow-up, improve CVD and mortality rates."
ADT = androgen deprivation therapy
Horm Metab Res. 1994 Sep;26(9):428-31."Thirteen osteopenic women received (...) estradiol valerate (...) by intramuscular injections once a week for 6 months (so called "pseudopregnancy")."
"Six patients were peri- or postmenopausal (49.5 + 4.8 years of age, group A)"
"The duration of the therapy was 6, and in 4 patients 9 months"
"Estradiol increased from 34.8 +/- 7.5 pg/ml to 3226 +/- 393 pg/ml after 3 months and to 2552 +/- 254 pg/ml after 6 months, respectively, in group A."
"In group B estradiol increased from 27.8 +/- 6.5 pg/ml to 3028 +/- 728 after 3 and to 2491 +/- 684 pg/ml after 6 months."
"We have experience with therapeutic pseudopregnancy in about 200 patients with mammahypoplasia (Lauritzen 1992).
Its rate of objective and subjective tolerance is excellent."
"
Investigations of lipids, liver enzymes and haemostasiology to be published later will show the absence of unwanted metabolic effects of this regimen."
"In conclusion, our data show, that the treatment (...) by means of high parenteral estrogen-progestogen depot injections is effective.
Virtually no side effects occurred. The therapy is well accepted by the patients."
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 Oct;97(10):917-21."There is some anxiety about the possible harmful sequelae of supraphysiological estradiol levels but no data are currently available to show any deleterious effects of these levels on coagulation factors, blood pressure, glucose tolerance or the occurrences of endometrial or breast cancer (Hammond et al. 1974; Thom et id. 1978; Studd B Thom 1981; Armstrong 1988)."
Hum Reprod. 2002 Mar;17(3):825-9."We examined metabolic parameters in cohorts of women with and without subcutaneous estrogen therapy
with concomitant supra-normal concentrations of estradiol (SE)."
"Women with SE have similar triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels but
lower LDL cholesterol concentrations compared with post-menopausal women not taking ERT.
The observations that the SE group showed reduced fasting insulin and WHR suggest that supra-normal circulating concentrations of estradiol, delivered subcutaneously, may beneficially influence insulin metabolism."
CLIMACTERIC 2005;8(Suppl 1):3–63"In women with supraphysiological estradiol levels during treatment with implants, no adverse effects on lipid metabolism, but a reduction in LDL cholesterol and fasting insulin were observed."
According to studies, it appears it's not so much the levels that count but the type of estrogen and route of administration.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Dec;169(6):1549-53."As serum estradiol levels increased throughout each phase (maximum mean estradiol 739.8 pg/ml)"
"Down-regulation of the fibrinolytic system was observed as estradiol levels increased. However, thrombin formation did not change, thus suggesting that
elevated circulating estradiol alone does not predispose to a thromboembolic event."
Prostate 1989;14(4):389-95"Oral administration of synthetic estrogens has profound effects on
liver-derived plasma proteins, coagulation factors, lipoproteins, and
triglycerides, whereas
parenteral administration of native estradiol
has very little influence on these aspects of liver function."
Here, synthetic refers to non bio-identical forms of estrogen.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2014 Oct;13(5):267-72."Oral estrogens increase the risk of venous thromboembolic complications to varying extents,
probably depending on their type and dose used. Observational studies have not found an association between an increased risk of VTE and transdermal estrogen treatment regardless of women's age and body mass index (BMI). Micronized progesterone and pregnanes, including dydrogesterone, have no effect on the risk of VTE"
Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 15;86(12):1627-42.
Estrogen, vascular estrogen receptor and hormone therapy in postmenopausal vascular disease."
There was no increase in VTE risk with the use of transdermal estrogen, even in patients with pre-existing thrombophilia [15]."
