The funny thing is, the myth used to be ONE cup size. 🙂 In any case, it does not seem to be true, but there may be a grain of truth to it - bra sizes are a combination of band and cup size. So a 36D and a 38C are "sister sizes," meaning that the cup volume (=breast size) is the same, but increasing the band size decreases the listed cup size and vice versa. Since trans women tend to have slightly larger rib cages due to testosterone influencing skeletal development, their band sizes tend to be a little larger... and that might be enough to cause some trans women to end up at 38C and assume they're "a cup size smaller" than their 36D mother.
Personally, my mother is 34B and my sister is 36D. My sister and I both take after our short, curvy, busty paternal grandmother instead of the tall skinny small-breasted women on our mother's side, and I ended up 38DDD (which would be the equivalent cup volume as a 34H or a 36G, for direct comparison with my mom and sister, respectively). Genetics do control a lot, but it is clearly possible to be a throwback to some other woman in the family line.