This is a very new and very good meta-analysis on strength training for women. It is good reading for mtf interested in not being helpless and weak and also for ftm who are not using testosterone.
https://www.strongerbyscience.com/strength-training-women/The main takeaways are:
"1) While men start with more muscle mass and strength, relative strength gains actually tend to be larger in women, at least in the short term. This is especially true for younger women and upper body strength gains.
2) Long-term, relative rates of muscle growth and strength gains are probably roughly equal for men and women, though women may make slightly larger gains, relative to their starting point, across their entire training career.
3) Women are not just "little men." While relative muscle and strength gains may be similar, there are key differences between men and women that impact training and recovery."
A couple of other points are that while testosterone gives one a higher baseline of muscle mass to begin with its effect on strength training gains is not significant. For a mtf after a couple of years of HRT without training that higher muscle baseline has likely disappeared. That baseline muscle mass though is what accounts for the majority of strength difference between men and women.
The bottom line there is that a trained woman can easily be way stronger than untrained and lesser trained men. Given equal training though a man will be somewhat stronger due to the muscle mass baseline.
The other point, in reference to #3 above, is that the differences mentioned actually favor women. For reasons not completely understood women can train harder and recover faster from hard training than men.
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