The suggestion of pushing back your cuticles, especially after a shower or bath, is a good one. Pick up an orange stick next time you are at the drugstore or beauty store. Using a product like OPI Nail Envy nail strengthener will also help to build up a good strong nail (added bonus, leaves a finish somewhere between satin and shine).
Ultimately, I know you said you can't really afford a trip to the nail salon, but that may be your best route to getting you on your way. A good, basic manicure shouldn't cost more than $15-25. Read reviews online and find a good, reputable shop. But if you can find your way in for a basic mani, that will allow the manicurist to shape your nail how you like, you can ask questions and observe the technique (for your nail shape!), and then it should be easier for you to replicate that as your nails grow out.