Based on what you have written, I would say do not disclose that you are trans during the interview process.
After you get the job offer, there could be situations in which you might need to disclose.
Your employer might need to file a work visa petition with the US government if you will be required to work in the US. Your gender per your visa must match the gender in your passport. That is the only point at which you might need to write F in the appropriate section of the visa application form. Even in this case, most employers file the work visa petition via attorneys, who really have no time to look into these details. It is very likely that your employer's attorneys will not realize that you are trans because they have a lot of petitions to file and very little time.
Also, you can be F per your passport & visa, but M per your employment records. The only risk of doing this is that you might need to come out to an HR manager if your employer uses old verification methods. Each employer cross-checks the US Social Security database to verify the legality of each employee. This is often done only once, at the start of employment, but could be repeated annually. In most cases, your name, US Social Security number or Tax ID number, address location, and date of birth are the data fields used for this verification. However, a few employers use outdated method which includes sex/gender also. If your employer does this, they might check with you about the gender mismatch in the social security verification. Gender mismatch is not a major issue, as long as all the other details match. All you need to do is to come out to the one HR manager at your employer who checks with you if they detect a gender mismatch which will only happen if they use the old verification systems.
In simple words, even if you need to disclose at some point, it is not going to be before you get a job offer. So say nothing about your gender during the interview process until you get the offer. Focus on your accomplishments and your capabilities, which are the things that your employer would most likely want to know about you. After you get the offer, do what you find is appropriate.
Discrimination laws exist and vary by state. However, enforcement is difficult. You cannot prove anything in most cases. There are smart ways of laying you off a job such that you can never bring it up in court. It is best to be stealth and come out only to those who you know will not ruin what you have going for you.
It also depends on the area of the US and the people who work with you. Just as you do not share you other personal details with everyone, be cautious about sharing your trans status with others.
