Believe me, this is something you can't hide. Everything, and I mean everything, is investigated. It is incredibly cut throat and people will do whatever they can to destroy and tarnish the image of their opponent. Many campaigns have trackers which go around and film candidates at all times. Nothing really goes unseen if they do their job well. Also, they will dig up and use anything that they believe may harm your campaign. So, if you do want to get involved in politics, please understand that you will be outed publicly. There is no shame in being who you are, but not all of us want our private information in the public eye. By becoming a politician, you are sacrificing that luxury in a major way.
Can you be successful? This really depends on what office you are running for and what location you running in. At this point in time, I think national positions like congressman, senator, or a presidential run would be quite difficult. Large state positions would be challenging as well. However, if you were to run for a local council or state assembly things would be easier. Still, you would need to be prepared for ignorant attacks against you and would have to be up for quite a challenge. Yet, I can imagine a state representative in a region like San Francisco would be a possibility. You just have to be realistic about the region and the position.
If you are considering going into politics, I would suggest you get involved and see first hand how things are. You could always volunteer or intern for a political campaign in your area. Next year midterm elections are coming up and will be fairly competitive without the shadow of a presidential election. This may be a great way for you to learn the process and meet some important people. They never turn away people who are looking to offer free labor for their field program. Most campaign staff live their lives at their job (the hours and goals you are given are quite insane). Be prepared for that if you ever take up a paid job in the campaign world. If you are more interested in the governmental/legislative side of things, you could try to get an internship at a government office. That way you will see what goes on inside.
Having said all this, there is more to politics than being a politician. You can still be heavily involved in the political process without becoming a politician. There are many case workers, government staffers, ngo staffers, lobbyists, campaign staffers, political consultants, political non-profit groups, etc... Besides being a politician isn't as amazing as it may seem. Believe me, it is quite hard to get party nominations and you need to first build up lots of loyalty and connections. It may sound appealing, but it is quite difficult to get yourself in that position and not fun trying to do so. If you aren't wealthy or well connected, prepare for lots of tough work to establish yourself. Since you are young, I am sure you will have time to learn more about politics and find your niche within it.
Wishing you lots of luck!