Lyra, you are a brave person, and very strong. It took courage to stand up to the teacher, especially in the face of zero support.
You are going to be someone very special some day. It's people like you that bring about change in the world when it needs to come.
Can I urge you to hang in for another few months? You are tough enough to stick it out, I promise you. It's not fair, but the world gives far more respect to educated people. Most of the professions that require education are those where people are treated better and given more freedom. And leaders need to be educated (and it sounds like you have it in you to BE a leader) - the more you know, the better your decisions will be.
But I can only imagine how frustrating it is to be where you are.
Are there allies you can find? A counselor at school? Is there a PFLAG chapter near you? In nearly every area, there are people who would understand and appreciate you. If you find even one, it makes life a while lot easier to pull through.
And, of course, we're here when you need us.