A couple of concrete examples do spring to mind:
Tsarist Russia was where the Russian peasant built his reputation for superhuman ability to tolerate suffering. The industrial revolution created many of the same stresses and uncertainty as the rest of the world, and then World War I simply overwhelmed their ability to cope with life's necessities. After the initial revolution, and the inherent problems with attempting to simply "end" a war, people were very disappointed with the Mensheviks and began to listen to the Bolsheviks. Then Stalin consolidated power within the party and the state, began a new and innovative propaganda campaign offering hope and change for the future, while controlling information like whether he or "saboteurs" were responsible for atrocities like the Ukrainian famine, and paired this with a brutally repressive regime It worked. It even worked well. For a while.
Imperial Germany had some good decisions and some bad decisions, correlating very well with whether or not Bismarck was calling shots rather than the Emperor. Still, an autocratic Imperial Germany had assembled itself and thrived in the industrial revolution. Thanks to Germany's natural resources, position astride Europe, and technical expertise, the half-century leading up to World War I had been a time of unprecedented improvement in standard of living. Then came the Great War, the privations from blockade, the attrition of manpower, eventual mutiny and defeat, followed by the humiliation of Versailles. The Weimar Republic looked weak and feckless because it had no choice but to actually be weak and feckless. Dismembered and impotent, it barely had control over its own airspace, while managing a budget was impossible without the ability to even control a currency. Heck, its army was required to be too small to stand up to the Freikorps wreaking havoc. When Germans looked around at the ruins of their once-proud civilization and heard a strongman offering to return them to their glory days, they made a mistake. They eventually grasped exactly how big a mistake and they're determined to never repeat it, but for a while there things went really well.
China was a mess a hundred years ago. Foreign imperialism, local warlords, and a thriving opium trade are not a recipe for success. After the worst of the direct foreign imperialism was gone, the indirect foreign imperialism coalesced around a local warlord on the left and a local warlord on the right. The guy on the left won, basically ended the opium trade and eventually declared himself strong enough to stand apart from his foreign masters. There's no question it's been working well for quite a while now, and they have a basis for national pride they haven't had in centuries. There are some cracks as they navigate challenges, and they're trying to make it work, but only time will tell how long it works.