Yes and no. The changes are cumulative but not all changes are permanent. If you saw any changes in a one day/week dose that are irreversible (such as voice drop, facial hair growth, clitoral growth), those would stick around and potentially continue to progress. However, anything that is not permanent (muscle growth and fat redistribution in particular) wouldn't stick and wouldn't be cumulatively progressing.
Typically, it takes a certain period of time in a certain therapeutic range for the testosterone to "shut down" the ovaries and estrogen production. Not that you couldn't potentially see changes before that, but that tends to be when changes really begin to progress for guys.
As with all our transitions in general, your mileage may vary. You may be particularly receptive to changes on testosterone, or you may not be. If that is the only way you feel comfortable progressing right now *and your doctor approves*, then see what it might do for you. However, big swings in hormones are not really fun for anyone of any gender or blend of gender (physically and emotionally). I would definitely recommend discussing strategy with your doc before doing anything other than what they tell you to do. It may be possible to take a different formulation (such as a gel) that you can still take daily but at a much lower than "normal" dose in order to keep your T levels higher than female but lower than normal for male if that is more comfortable for you. That would prevent the huge hormonal swings, at least. That may be possible with pills as well through pill splitting or lower dose formulas. But you really need to discuss with your prescribing doc to make sure there will be no negative impact on your health to a once weekly approach.