Your first line of defence are Nail clippers and a Nail File (get the double sided with coarse on one side and fine on the other). Inexpensive and very helpful in minimizing damage.
If you break, crack, or rip a nail trim the damaged part and smooth the shape with the file. Goal is to remove corners that can catch and rip the nail more
Next, find a good nail salon (someplace you will be comfortable going), make an appointment, and get a manicure or a mani-pedi

. You don't need to get color (polish) and most Nail Techs are willing to give you pointers on what to do to keep your nails healthy.
There are also various supplements you can take that can improve nails. I used Nature's Bounty Hair, Skin & Nails for years and it seems to help.
Finally, since you say your Mom had brittle nails as well check with your doctor to rule out any conditions that may be contributing factors to your nail issues.
Hope this helps a bit