Yet, we're fast approaching a time where the majority of religious doctrines will have to be rejected outright on the grounds of simple human survival, if not for human flourishing.
That time includes extended lifespans, nearspace colonization, nanotechnology, Non-Turing ("symbol makers") AI's, and possibly fusion power. All of these will make Earth a hard place to live with if old ideas are left to be the standard of our actions. Consider extended lifespans for a moment. Grandpa could live hundreds of years (possibly thousands), that really throws a ringer for the whole idea of "Man's alloted" time on earth, such an idea of immutable mortality won't work in the face of such a reality. Especially if one were to consider what governmental (or non-governmental) policies that could be taken.
Then, nearspace colonization. The control of larger environments, some very alien and some not so alien, will bring up a new possibility for isolation. Such an isolation may give rise to better societies, but it could also give rise to more xenophobia, which is more often attributed to traditional values and world views like those held by the Early U.S. citizens against Native Americans, which gave rise to "Manifest Destiny."
And of course, nanotechnology, will make both prior events easier as well, and it could also mean an end to a safe world. Grey Goo, and other nanotech disasters could be possible, and in many formulations would be human directed. The carnage of nanotech lead warfare makes nuclear war look more appetizing by comparison.
Now, Non-Turing AI's, machines that can think and feel like us, will challenge the traditional view of the soul for probably everyone, even some fellow 'atheistic' individuals. The soul is still one of the last refuges of the divine in the modern age, and if the Non-Turing AI theories come to fruition, that ends the age of the "sacred soul." That will give rise to any sort of backlash to technology, possibly leading to a world-wide Neo-Luddite movement itself (who knows, really).
The king of it all, in many cases, fusion power will mean better means to fuel our economies and homes, but it also means a better means to fuel the war machines, new and old. The views on fusion itself are not provocative, but it's what fusion power itself could bring to the table as to enable older, more dangerous ideas is what is at stake.
In the end, all of these points of mine are not just aimed at traditional religious institutions, but also modern ideologies and modern 'cults.' We had the Age of Reason, I think it's time we had the Age of Individual Mind for the same reason the former age resulted in that only the individual mind can ensure success or failure in all tasks set before us, and it's only the individual mind that can take responsibility for any given action. Collectivism, which is the heart of all traditional institutions (governments, religions, and other organizations) is fast approaching its deprecation date. I think we all, as individuals should dwell on that fact carefully. For our own respective fates, and the fate of our species.
-- Brede