OPERATION NORTHWOODS
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Northwoods Memorandum (March 13, 1962) Click PDFOperation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a 1962 plan to generate U.S. public support for military action against the Cuban government of Fidel Castro as part of the U.S. government's Operation Mongoose anti-Castro initiative. The plan, which was not implemented, called for various false flag actions, including simulated or real state sponsored terrorism (such as hijacked planes) on U.S. and Cuban soil. The plan was proposed by senior U.S. Department of Defense leaders, including the highest ranking member of the U.S. military, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Lyman Louis Lemnitzer.
The proposal was presented in a document entitled "Justification for US Military Intervention in Cuba," a collection of draft memoranda (PDF) written by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) representative to the Caribbean Survey Group. The document was presented by the JCS to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara on March 13 with one paragraph approved, as a preliminary submission for planning purposes.
The previously secret document was originally made public on November 18, 1997 by the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Review Board [1], a U.S. federal agency overseeing the release of government records related to John F. Kennedy's assassination. [2] [3] A total of about 1500 pages of once-secret military records covering 1962 to 1964 were concomitantly declassified by said Review Board.
"Appendix to Enclosure A" and "Annex to Appendix to Enclosure A" of the Northwoods document were first published online by the National Security Archive on November 6, 1998 in a joint venture with CNN as part of CNN's 1998 Cold War television documentary series[4]?specifically, as a documentation supplement to "Episode 10: Cuba," which aired on November 29, 1998. [5] "Annex to Appendix to Enclosure A" is the section of the document which contains the proposals to stage terrorist attacks.
The Northwoods document was published online in a more complete form (i.e., including cover memoranda) by the National Security Archive on April 30, 2001.
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A CLEAN BREAK
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A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm, commonly referred to as the "Clean Break" report, was prepared in 1996 by a study group led by the Zionist Richard Perle. The other participants were James Colbert, Charles Fairbanks, Jr., Douglas Feith, Robert Loewenberg, Jonathan Torop, David Wurmser, and Meyrav Wurmser.
The report was prepared as a proposed new policy for the government of Israel, and presented to then Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in July of 1996. On July 10, two days after receiving the document, Netanyahu delivered a speech before the US Congress, which reflected the recommendations made in the report.[1]
The principle recommendations were:
A repudiation of the concept of "Land for Peace," which was the basis for the Oslo Accords
Armed incursions into Palestinian areas under the rubric of the "right of hot pursuit"
Armed incursions into Lebanon, and possible strikes against Syria and Iran
The removal of Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq
A repudiation of the tenets of Labor Zionism, and a change to Economic liberalism
The authors of the report are all prominent Neoconservatives. Perle, Feith, and David Wurmser assumed important positions in the administration of President George W. Bush. Analysts and commentators such as Karen Kwiatkowski have pointed to the similarities between the proposed actions in the Clean Break document, and the subsequent 2003 invasion of Iraq and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.[2]
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PNAC
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The Project for the New American Century (PNAC) is an American political think tank, based in Washington, DC. The controversial group was established in early 1997 as a non-profit organization with the goal of promoting American global leadership. The chairman is William Kristol, editor of the Weekly Standard and a regular contributor to the Fox News Channel. The Executive Director and chief operating officer has been Gary J. Schmitt. The group is an initiative of the New Citizenship Project, a non-profit 501c3 organization that has been funded by the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the John M. Olin Foundation and the Bradley Foundation. [1]
Critics allege the controversial organization proposes military and economic, space, cyberspace, and global domination by the United States, so as to establish ? or maintain ? American dominance in world affairs (Pax Americana). Some have argued the American-led invasion of Iraq in March of 2003 was the first step in furthering these plans.
Supporters of the PNAC counter that such criticisms are little more than conspiracy theories and point out that the organization's stated purposes have been mischaracterized. (See PNAC's mission statement below.)
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REBUILDING AMERICA'S DEFENSES
Rebuilding America's Defenses
In September 2000, the PNAC issued a 90-page report entitled Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategies, Forces, And Resources For A New Century, proceeding "from the belief that America should seek to preserve and extend its position of global leadership by maintaining the preeminence of U.S. military forces." The report has been the subject of much analysis and criticism.
The group states that when diplomacy or sanctions fail, the United States must be prepared to take military action. PNAC argues that the current Cold War deployment of forces is obsolete. Defense spending and force deployment must reflect the post-Cold War duties that US forces have been called upon to perform. Constabulary duties such as peacekeeping in the Balkans and the enforcement of the No Fly Zones in Iraq have put a strain upon, and reduced the readiness of, US forces. The PNAC recommends the forward redeployment of US forces at new strategically placed permanent military bases in Southeast Europe and Southeast Asia. Permanent bases ease the strain on US forces, allowing readiness to be maintained and the carrier fleet to be reduced. Furthermore the military should be enlarged, equipped and restructured for the "constabulary" roles associated with shaping the security in critical regions of the world.
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P2OG
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The Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group (aka PPOG or P2OG), is reported to be a clandestine military intelligence agency established in 2002. Although the actual status of the project is not entirely clear, P20G is said to have been created to thwart potential terrorist attacks on the United States, according to a classified document, Special Operations and Joint Forces in Countering Terrorism. The project would be overseen by the White House's deputy national security adviser for combatting terrorism, John A. Gordon, and would carry out missions coordinated by the secretary of defense or the CIA director.
In 2002, it was estimated that PGO2 would require a team of hundred people with experience in covert activities, intelligence gathering, computer network attacks and other highly specialized skills, and at least $100 million annually to sustain operations. The covert counter-intelligence agents would be responsible for secret missions targeting terrorist leaders in order to "stimulate reactions" among terrorist groups, thereby provoking violent acts, which would in turn make them susceptible to counterattack by US forces
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