Yes, they do. I haven't been consistently read as male for very long (just a couple of months now), but I'm noticing some changes. Before transitioning, I was "gender-non-conforming" to the point of confusing people: "Can I help you, sir... erm... ma'am... erm...?" Now I'm just read as a guy, and it's wonderfully relaxing.
I'm also learning to do "guy chat" with men I happen to meet. It's hard to explain how it's different -- it's partly that I'm not looking out for how they're reading me sexually -- but there's a level of ease with other guys that's a new experience. I'm not used to having guys casually ask me for help, for example: we were taking canoes out of the river the other weekend, and a youngish guy pulled in to the landing in a very fancy fishing boat. First he asked me to guide him as he backed his equally fancy truck down the boat ramp; then, after driving it onto the trailer, he asked me if I'd drive his truck back up to the parking area, so he wouldn't have to jump out into knee-deep water. I don't think he'd have asked a woman to do either -- certainly not to drive his truck. I know there's some sexism at the bottom of this, but in a situation like this, it's pretty harmless, and it's nice to feel a kind of camaraderie that's never existed for me with either sex. After I parked his truck we chatted a bit, and I said "Nice rig" in just the right Minnesota-casual guy tone, which launched him into the story of how he'd just bought it and it was going to be a big asset in his guiding business, etc., etc.. It was sort of cute, actually.

One thing that makes it easier for me, I think, is that I basically present as a geezer, so there's not that element of competition there might be between two younger guys. I'm just this harmless older dude...
My friends don't treat me any differently, though. They've known me too long, and I'm just me.