I don't think there is any research suggesting that SRS increases mortality or morbidity. There is some research supporting there is no difference, but it's not super convincing. There is at least 1 study that shows transsexuals receiving SRS have a greater risk of mortality relative to the general population. But pre-op transsexuals also have higher mortality, and they didn't compare pre-op to post-op transsexuals, so you can't really learn anything.
One advantage of SRS (or orchi) is that it allows you to reduce estrogen intake and stop anti-androgens. So if HRT does increase mortality risk, you could imagine SRS might reduce mortality risk. However, the research I have seen suggests that modern HRT regimens do not affect mortality risk very much, so this effect might be small.
Anecdotally, people report much higher risks of urinary tract infections (UTIs) following SRS. UTIs can result in septicaemia, which has a pretty bad mortality rate for people aged 65+. Of course, I have no estimate for the magnitude of this effect and women in general are at greater risk of UTIs.
Here's a brief summary of some articles I've looked at:
Here's a study which did not find higher mortality among people getting SRS. Mean follow-up was around 15 years for MTF transsexuals. Like most of the research in this area, they are only comparing pre/post. There's no control group.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4822482/The above study does a pretty good literature review on page 2 that is relevant to your question. However, most of the review is focused on long-term effects of hormone therapy as opposed to surgery.
Here's a study which found that 16% of MTF transsexuals experienced some incontinence following surgery.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0302283804005159Here's the study that found higher mortality compared with the general population.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0016885Here's a study that did a 6 month follow-up survey on 66 patients receiving surgery. 90%+ were pleased with the aesthetic outcome. They don't look at mortality or disability, but they do look at complications. Complications were pretty rare:
Meatal stenosis 7%
Severe wound infection 6%
Rectal lesion 3%
Necrosis of the glans 3%
Vaginal prolapse 2%
Necrosis of the distal urethra 1%
Lesion of the external urethral sphincter 1%
Urethral Fistula 1 %
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1464-410X.2001.02323.x/fullHere's a study that looked at 232 transsexuals receiving SRS. The results are really positive, but there is a huge follow-up loss (68%) so response bias is probably an issue. They don't look at mortality or disability.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024086814364