I don't think we are exactly meshing on our definitions. I have no problem with specific types of aptitude tests, which seek to measure relevant skill sets for targeted purposes. What I'm saying is that tests like an IQ test, which purport to measure a platonic ideal of intelligence are not valid. They aren't measuring a platonic ideal of intelligence, because it doesn't exist. We just have a bunch of different skills that people have in varying degrees, a small number of which might be measured by an IQ test and called "intelligence".
As for how to sort people based on their skills, we already have a system that does that. It's the educational system. People self select into educational paths that fit their skills. They're tested to see if they've gained those specific skills, and find jobs based on how well the exhibit those skills. This is, of course, only the ideal. There are a lot of structural concerns that keep it from functioning properly, but layering in invalid generalized intelligence testing doesn't fix that.
Now, the marginalization bit. These tests tend to be racist in both their methods and application. The application is easy to see. To this day you'll see racists holding up differential IQs as evidence of the superiority of their race, and the inferiority of another, usually out of malice or ignorance of what IQ tests do or do not measure. This is bad, but it can become much worse when these racist beliefs become baked into people's brains. Being exposed to beliefs like these can actually lead to lowered performance in those that are stereotyped as being inferior, a result not seen if the subjects are not exposed to the belief or not part of the disadvantaged group.
As for how the methods are racist, that's easier to see on stardized testing like the ACT or SAT. These tests have baked in cultural bias. Numerous studies have shown that these tests are loaded with terminology and cultural baggage that gives a slight advantage to white students over students of color. This slight advantage gives white students a leg up on the test scores, and those scores help determine college acceptance. Take it to broader level. In the US school funding is determined by performance on standardized testing. Schools that perfoem worse are given less funding. These tests are subject to that same cultural bias, and US schools are still largely segaragated. This leads to death spirals, where the cultural bias leads to lower scores for black and brown students, which leads to less money for the schools those students attend, which leads to even lower scores. It's all supremely f'd up.
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