Well. I'm fairly early on in my transition, I'm starting T in a month give or take a week or two. I've known I was trans for 2 years, and in the beginning, as you suggested, my thoughts on things have changed considerably.
I never intended to tell my parents I was trans, at least not until I was unable to hide my changes from testosterone. My therapist forced me to tell them, and then my family, and then my extended family.. In order for her to give me testosterone. I expected them to kick me out, because my mother and grandma always made fun of transsexuals. My father was very sheltered, I wouldn't say he's homophobic or transphobic, just... misguided. But they supported me, my whole family supports me, my eldest cousin even had me dress male in her wedding two weeks ago.
That's leading me to being unafraid of coming out to people. I came out on facebook for the national coming out day, and no one treats me different. Before, my outlook on coming out was so horrible, I didn't even intend to make friends at college for fear of them finding out my 'secret'.
Surgery has been a bumpy road for me. I'm on again off again. Being with a partner who is also transsexual has had an effect on that as well, because she's not sure what she wants with surgery either, as far as SRS goes. At first, we agreed that we would not get SRS because sex was great and we didn't have discomfort about our genitals that functioned normally. Then research showed that in order to change our drivers licenses and birth certificates, in both of our states of birth, SRS was required. So now we're unsure. The surgery for her is functional physically and sexually, but for me... We'd never be able to have sex again. And of course, there are other ways to gain pleasure that doesn't include sex, but it's different for us for personal reasons. So we're stuck between a rock and a hard place here.
My feelings about manhood and womanhood haven't changed much. I am and always have been a classic, chivalrous, protective guy, and I'm told I was that way even before I knew I was trans. I am everyone's little big brother. I stood between Elaine and her 350lb 6'1" brother when he assaulted us. And Elaine is a classic woman, sort of. She likes girly things, sweater dresses, makeup and gossip, but is also a flute maker and bicycle mechanic, she loves cars and nerf guns and airsoft guns. She switches between girly girl and tomboy frequently

And she's always been that way too, just the girly girl part was done privately.
As far as sexuality goes, I feel like I'm more attracted to women now, relationship wise, and men, sexual wise. It was the opposite before.
My outlook on life is certainly different. I've had severe issues with suicidal depression and severe regular and social anxiety. Elaine says the change I've gone through with transition is phenomenal. I don't remember it, because I have little memory of before transition, but I do know the longer I've known and the more I've done to further my transition, the better I feel. I finally go days without contemplating suicide now that T is within my grasp. Elaine told me that I once told her that before I met her, I intended to join the military to die at least with honor. Now I want to live as long as I can so I can take care of her.

I'm enjoying reading everyone's different responses <3